Urinary incontinence is a condition characterized by the involuntary loss of urine, which can affect men and women of all ages. Although it is more frequently associated with women, particularly after pregnancy or menopause, this condition also affects a significant number of men, particularly following prostate surgery or at more advanced ages. Far from being “normal” or something to simply be accepted, urinary incontinence in most cases has an identifiable cause and an effective treatment.
At Clínica AEGER Prima, in Lisbon, we assess and treat urinary incontinence with a personalized approach, focused on each patient’s specific cause and tailored to their needs and lifestyle.
What is urinary incontinence and when should it be assessed?
Urinary incontinence occurs when control over the bladder becomes compromised, leading to urine loss that can vary in frequency and intensity — from small, occasional leaks with exertion (such as coughing, sneezing, or lifting) to a sudden, uncontrollable urge to urinate. There are several types, including:
Stress incontinence
urine loss associated with activities that increase abdominal pressure, such as coughing, laughing, sneezing, or physical exercise
Urge incontinence (overactive bladder)
a sudden, intense need to urinate, often followed by involuntary leakage before reaching the bathroom
Mixed incontinence
a combination of the two types above
Overflow incontinence
frequent or constant leakage due to incomplete bladder emptying, more common in men with prostate problems
Medical assessment is recommended whenever these leaks begin to interfere with daily activities, sleep, social life, or self-esteem, regardless of the person’s age or gender.
What causes urinary incontinence?
The causes vary depending on the type of incontinence and may include:
What are the most common causes of urinary incontinence?
The most frequent causes include weakened pelvic floor muscles, hormonal changes associated with menopause, benign prostate enlargement in men, recurrent urinary tract infections, excess weight, and certain medications.
Can pregnancy and childbirth cause urinary incontinence?
Yes. Pregnancy and childbirth can weaken the pelvic floor muscles, which is one of the most common causes of stress incontinence in women. Symptoms may appear shortly after delivery or years later.
Can prostate problems cause urinary incontinence in men?
Yes. Benign prostate enlargement or previous surgical interventions (such as full or partial prostate removal) are frequent causes of urinary incontinence in men, particularly overflow incontinence or incontinence resulting from changes in sphincter control.
Can obesity worsen urinary incontinence?
Yes. Excess weight increases pressure on the bladder and pelvic floor, which can trigger or worsen incontinence symptoms, especially of the stress type.
Can certain medications or dietary habits cause urinary incontinence?
Yes. Excessive intake of caffeine or fluids, certain medications (such as diuretics), and chronic constipation can contribute to the onset or worsening of symptoms.
How is diagnosis carried out at Clínica AEGER Prima?
The diagnostic process always begins with a detailed consultation, during which the doctor reviews the patient’s complete medical history, including symptoms, daily habits, current medication, and any previous surgeries. Depending on the case, additional tests may be requested, such as:
- Urine tests, to rule out infections or other abnormalities
- Bladder and urinary tract ultrasound
- Urodynamic studies, which assess bladder function and the muscles involved in urinary control
- A physical exam focused on the pelvic area
Based on these results, the clinical team defines an individualized treatment plan, tailored to the identified cause and the severity of the symptoms.
How is urinary incontinence treated?
Treatment always depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition, and may involve one or more of the following approaches:
Behavioral therapies
Techniques such as bladder training (gradually increasing the interval between bathroom visits) or scheduled voiding, which help restore control over urinary function.
Pelvic floor physiotherapy
Specific exercises (such as Kegel exercises) aimed at strengthening the muscles that support the bladder, effective in both men and women.
Lifestyle adjustments
Reducing caffeine and alcohol intake, managing body weight, treating constipation, and adjusting fluid intake throughout the day.
Medication
Used mainly in cases of overactive bladder, helping to reduce urgency and urinary frequency.
Minimally invasive procedures
Such as nerve stimulation or the use of devices that help control bladder function.
Surgical intervention
Reserved for more severe cases or when other approaches have not achieved sufficient results, including bladder suspension procedures or sling placement.
Each treatment plan is built progressively, usually starting with the least invasive options, and adjusted as needed with ongoing support from the clinical team.
Benefits of treating urinary incontinence
Improved quality of life
regaining control over bladder function, allowing greater freedom in daily activities
Increased confidence
reducing or eliminating leaks significantly improves self-esteem and social well-being
Prevention of complications
effective treatment prevents skin irritation, infections, and other related problems
Better sleep quality
resolving urgency or nighttime leaks contributes to more restful sleep
Frequently Asked Questions about Urinary Incontinence
Does urinary incontinence only affect women?
No. Although it is more common in women due to factors such as pregnancy, childbirth, and menopause, urinary incontinence also affects a significant number of men, mainly related to prostate changes or advancing age.
Can urinary incontinence be cured?
In most cases, symptoms can be significantly reduced or eliminated with appropriate treatment. The outcome depends on the cause, severity, and treatment approach chosen, which is why an individualized medical assessment is essential.
Is it normal to leak urine with age?
Although it is a condition that becomes more common with advancing age, urinary incontinence should not be seen as inevitable or untreatable. Effective treatments are available for all ages.
When should I seek medical help?
Whenever urine leaks begin to interfere with daily activities, sleep, or emotional well-being, it is advisable to schedule an assessment consultation, regardless of the frequency or intensity of symptoms.
Does treatment always require surgery?
No. Most cases are successfully treated through behavioral therapies, pelvic floor physiotherapy, lifestyle adjustments, or medication. Surgery is reserved for more severe cases or when other approaches are not sufficient.
How long does it take to see improvement?
It depends on the approach chosen and the cause of the incontinence. Behavioral therapies and strengthening exercises may take a few weeks to show visible results, while medical or surgical treatments may have more immediate effects. The clinical team will monitor progress at every stage.
What is evaluated during Urinary Incontinence Treatment
Medical history:
Analyzing past health issues, medications, and urinary symptoms to identify contributing factors.
Physical examination:
Assessing the pelvic area and bladder function to determine muscle strength and other factors.
Diagnostic tests:
Using tools like bladder scans, urine tests, or urodynamic studies to identify underlying causes.
Lifestyle factors:
Reviewing habits such as fluid intake, diet, or activities that may impact bladder control. Our team will collaborate with you to develop a tailored treatment plan that ensures effective and lasting results.
