Fistulectomy for perianal fistulas
A general surgery procedure for the treatment of perianal fistulas, abnormal connections between the rectum and the surrounding tissue. It removes the fistula tract, supporting healing and preventing recurrence.
What a perianal fistula is
It is an abnormal connection between the rectum and the surrounding tissue, which can cause chronic infection, discomfort and persistent drainage.
While the tract remains open, the infection tends to return: abscesses clear up and then form again in the same place.
Delaying treatment can lead to complications such as new abscesses forming, recurring infections or changes in bowel function.
Signs you may have a perianal fistula
- ✓Persistent drainage of pus or fluid near the anus
- ✓Pain or discomfort in the perineal area, especially when sitting
- ✓Recurring swelling or redness in the area
- ✓Repeated episodes of abscesses in the same spot
- ✓Skin irritation caused by continuous drainage
- ✓Fever alongside an active infection
There is no need to wait for the infection to get worse before seeking an assessment.
If you recognise one or more of these signs, a general surgery consultation can confirm the diagnosis and indicate the most suitable treatment.
How the fistulectomy is performed
Once the anaesthetic has been given, the surgeon carefully identifies the path of the fistula and removes it in full.
The procedure ensures minimal disruption to the surrounding tissue, followed by meticulous wound care to support recovery.
In selected cases, a seton may be used temporarily — a surgical thread placed in the fistula tract to help drain the infection and support gradual healing.
Benefits of surgical treatment
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✓
Clearing the infection — resolves chronic drainage and inflammation.
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✓
Preventing recurrence — removes the fistula completely, reducing future problems.
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✓
Getting comfort back — relieves pain and makes daily activities easier.
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✓
Support for healing — helps the tissue recover for long-term health.
What is assessed before the procedure
Characteristics of the fistula
Assessment of the size, location and complexity of the fistula tract.
Surgical planning
Choosing the most effective approach for complete removal.
Healing potential
Confirming that the patient is ready for the recovery process.
Post-surgical support
Detailed aftercare to ensure the best possible outcome.
Common questions about this procedure
Is a fistulectomy painful?+
It is performed under anaesthetic, so there is no pain during the procedure. Some discomfort afterwards is normal, managed with medication and appropriate wound care.
Can the fistula come back after surgery?+
Complete removal of the fistula tract significantly reduces the risk of recurrence, though more complex fistulas may need more than one procedure.
What is a seton and when is it used?+
It is a surgical thread placed temporarily in the fistula tract to help drain the infection and support gradual healing, used in selected cases depending on the complexity of the fistula.
How long does recovery take?+
It depends on the complexity of the fistula and the technique used, but symptoms generally improve progressively over the following weeks, with regular follow-up from the surgeon.
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Effective treatment for perianal fistulas, with specialist assessment and follow-up through to complete healing.
